Costs and Dividends

• Africa's Missing Billions
  IANSA, Oxfam International, Saferworld, 2007, 38 pages
  
  Africa suffers enormously from conflict and armed violence. For the first time, IANSA, Oxfam, and Saferworld have estimated the economic cost of armed conflict to Africa’s development. This report focuses primarily on Africa’s armed conflicts. It investigates the high costs of armed violence to Africa, looks at where the weapons come from which feed this violence, and then highlights one important area where progress is urgently required at both African and international levels. Their research estimates that Africa loses around $18bn per year due to wars, civil wars, and insurgencies.
  
• Civil War and Economies of Peace Dividend
  Author: Paul Collier, CSAE, 1995, 20 pages
  
  This article attempts to draw some general economic inferences about economic policy in the aftermath of civil war. Civil wars dramatically reduce income. Peace might be expected to generate a dividend which both the government and the private sector can spend. Paradoxically, those civil wars which are prolonged and therefore do most damage create only small instant peace dividends. Once confidence in a secure environment is restored there is a delayed peace dividend as private capital is repatriated and `social capital' is rebuilt. Post-war governments should therefore focus not upon how to spend an illusory early dividend, but on how to restore private confidence.
  
• Confidence Building Measures - Cyprus - an introduction
  The Confidence - Building Measures were submitted by the UN Secretary-General to the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus on 1 July 1993 and 30 May 1994 as a means to promote an overall framework agreement on Cyprus.
• Costs of War - Sri Lanka, Executive Summary
  International Alert, 7 pages
  
  This study examines the human, economic and socio-political costs of the war between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). It also highlights the economic outcomes of the war, it sums up the costs of the war up to 1998, expenditure, damages and loss output.
  
• Local Business, Local Peace: the Peacebuilding Potential of the Domestic Private Sector, Case Study - South Caucasus
  International Alert, 15 pages
  
  This report explores the role that local private sector activity can play in addressing the conflicts of the South Caucasus. It embraces three unresolved conflicts: the conflict between Armenians and Azeris over Nagorny-Karabakh; and the conflicts over Abkhazia and South Ossetia that challenged Georgia’s territorial integrity. An overview of the conflicts is provided together with an outline of the current political context and the private sectors. These are followed by examples of local business activities that have the potential to contribute to peace in the region.
  
• The Costs of War in Poor Countries: Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
  Authors: Frances Stewart and Valpy FitzGerald, Language: English, 7 pages
  
  Their aim here and in the companion volume of case studies has been to further understanding of economies at war in order to contribute to the identification of appropriate policies to reduce human hardship. Appropriate policies must be sensitive to the conditions in the particular economy, the nature of the conflict, and the political situation, in ways that they develop here. The many major mistakes that the international community have made in recent years are a convincing demonstration of the need for deeper analysis, which is undertaken in this book.
  

Impact Project 2008